Following Math-habs and Ascribing to Salafiyyah

Shaykh Muhammad ‘Umar Baazmool (may Allaah preserve him) was asked the following question:

Please I would like to know if there is anything wrong with not subscribing to a math-hab. I learn from both the Salafees and Sunnees (ie. I try to adhere to the Qur’aan and the Sunnah) but I don’t like to claim either of the two because I fear that pride that might grow in me and cause me to avoid the truth if it comes from another source. In other words, I don’t want to be like some people who follow a math-hab and don’t want to change when the proof is against them. Please advise me.

He replied:

This question requires that we clarify some issues first. In the first part of the question, it seems the questioner is asking about blindly following math-habs. Then, the questioner refers to the following of a general manhaj, one that includes the math-habs of Fiqh and others, called the Salafee manhaj, or Sunnee (manhaj).

Then, he makes a distinction between a Salafee and a Sunnee, while the Salafee is the who who follows the Sunnah of the Messenger (sallallaahu ‘alayhe wa sallam), the one he was upon as understood by the Salaf, may Allaah have Mercy on them. So every Salafee is a Sunnee, and every Sunnee is a Salafee most definitely, if we are using the word “Sunnee” with its proper meaning.

His statement in the question, “I learn from both the Salafees and Sunnees,” seems to make a distinction between the Salafee Muslims and the Sunnees. It can be understood from this that the questioner does not understand that Salafiyyah and Sunniyyah are the same thing, and that every Salafee is a Sunnee and every Sunnee is a Salafee…

[ Someone interrupts, “Or it could be that they are learning from Sunnees, meaning the Soofees that claim they are Sunnees, saying, ‘We are Ahlus-Sunnah…'” ]

…So there seems to be some confusion about these names… if it is the case that some Soofees are saying that they are the Sunnees while they are actually Soofees, then this is a big form of deception that must be warned against. [1]

Anyway, let me rephrase the question and then answer it.

Is the Muslim obliged to follow a Fiqh math-hab? And is the Muslim obliged to follow Salafiyyah, or should he follow the manhaj of other groups and parties… like the manhaj of the Tableeghees, the Soofees, the Ikhwaanees, the Tahreerees, etc.?

So then as for the Muslim following a Fiqh math-hab, like the Hanafee math-hab, the Maalikee math-hab, the Shaafi’ee math-hab, or the Hanbalee math-hab, I say: The basic ruling regarding this affair is that a Muslim is not required to follow any of these four math-habs.

The Messenger (sallallaahu ‘alayhe wa sallam) only called the people to follow the Book and the Sunnah. And he clarified to them that they must understand the Book and the Sunnah as he and his Companions (may Allaah be pleased with them) understood it. He also emphasized that we follow the rightly-guided khaleefahs. This remained the case all the way to the era of the four imaams of Fiqh and others. There was never any obligation for the Muslim to follow any of these four math-habs.

So then, based on this, I say that the correct position is that Islaam does not require the Muslim to follow one of the four math-habs. And this is clear, in shaa’ Allaah.

However, I say: The Muslim should evaluate himself. If he finds that he has reached the level of ijtihaad and he can look into the evidences, then he must look into the evidences and follow what is clear to him from the evidences, whether the evidence contradicts the Hanafee, Maalikee, Shaafi’ee or Hanbalee math-hab. There is no harm in that, as the important thing is that he follows the evidence.

However, if a Muslim is not able to look into the evidences and make ijtihaad, then it is obligatory on him to ask the people of knowledge, those known for their adherence to the Book and the Sunnah in light of the understanding of the righteous Salaf. This is based on Allaah’s Statement [2]:

( Then ask the people of knowledge if you do not know )

Therefore, the common Muslim who is not able to look into the evidences and make ijtihaad must ask the people of knowledge, and to learn the affairs of his Religion he needs from them, without restricting himself to a specific math-hab. Thus, the scholars say, “The math-hab of the common Muslim is the math-hab of the one who gives him his fatwaa.”

One last thing before I address the other topic: In our time and in the times before us, there are and were great scholars who ascribe to math-habs, while, in reality, they followed the evidences. Their ascription to their math-hab only came because they studied that math-hab specifically, or that it was the one that was common in their land. Thus, they have been given the ascription to the math-hab, not because they were blind followers.

So it is said about Ibn Taymiyyah, for example, that he was a Hanbalee, and the reality was that he followed the evidences. It is said about Ibn Al-Qayyim that he was a Hanbalee, too, and the reality was that he followed the evidences. It is also said that Ibn Hajr was a Shaafi’ee, and the reality was that he followed the evidences. It is said about Al-Laknawee that he was a Hanafee, and the reality was that he followed the evidences. And it is said about Shaykh Ibn Baaz and Shaykh Ibn ‘Uthaymeen that they were Hanbalees, and the reality is that they followed the evidences. It is said that Shaykh Muhammad ibn Ibraaheem was a Hanbalee, and the reality is that he followed the evidences. It is said that Shaykh Al-Fowzaan is a Hanbalee, and the reality is that he follows the evidences.

The manhaj of all of these great scholars is to give verdicts according to the evidence. When the evidence came to them, they followed it. If they did not have the evidence, then they would give a verdict according to their math-hab. They would clarify the ruling of on something based on their math-hab.

So this is a very important point to pay attention to when we talk about adhering to a math-hab.

We do not say that everyone must be mujtahids and follow the evidences. Without a doubt, the common people are not able to make ijtihaad and look into the evidences. We also do not say that everyone must follow a specific math-hab and follow it. Rather, what we say is that whoever is able to look into the evidences and draw his rulings from them, then he must make ijtihaad, looking into the evidences and following them.

And his status of being someone who make ijtihaad and looks into the evidences does not prevent him from being ascribed to a math-hab that he studied, or one that was common in his land, or one that he sees as being the closest to the truth in general when he is not able to derive a ruling himself from the evidences. This does not harm someone who is from those who can make ijtihaad and follow the evidences.

As for the one who does not reach this level, then he must ask the people of knowledge, as Allaah the Exalted says [2]:

( Then ask the people of knowledge if you do not know )

When he asks, he should try his best to make sure that the one he is asking is from the people of knowledge, and he should not specify that the one he asks be ascribed to a certain math-hab. Rather, he must follow what the scholar giving him his verdict says, so long as he is upon evidence, and Allaah knows best.

As for the second part of the question that is related to ascribing oneself to the manhaj of one of the so-called “movements” as they are calling them, I say that the Muslim is obliged to ascribe to the Salafee/Sunnee manhaj. Moreover, I say that Islaam, true Islaam, is just that. It is to follow what the Messenger (sallallaahu ‘alayhe wa sallam) and his Companions were upon. It is to understand the Religion in light of the understanding of the righteous predecessors. So then the Muslim is indeed required to follow this methodology.

It is not permissible for the Muslim to abandon what the Messenger (sallallaahu ‘alayhe wa sallam) and the Companions were upon for any reason whatsoever.

Therefore, this is the manhaj, the straight path by which a person reaches salvation on the Day of Standing, in shaa’ Allaah. The Messenger (sallallaah ‘alayhe wa sallam) said,

“The Jews split into 71 sects, and the Christians split into 72 sects. My nation is going to split into 73 sects, and all of them will be in the Hellfire except one.”

It was said, “Who are they, O Messenger of Allaah?” He replied,

“They those who are upon what I and my Companions are upon.” [3]

This is what the Salafee manhaj is. It is the following of the Messenger (sallallaahu ‘alayhe wa sallam) and his Companions. So then can we say to the new Muslim, “You are not required to follow this manhaj”? No! Rather we say, “Your Islaam will never be true, sound Islaam, free of innovations and mistakes, unless you follow this manhaj, unless you follow what the Messenger (sallallaahu ‘alayhe wa sallam) and his Companions were upon.”

Whoever opposes what the Messenger (sallallaahu ‘alayhe wa sallam) and his Companions were upon is from the people of differing, and he is included in the 72 groups. He is still a Muslim, however he is subject to the threat mentioned in the hadeeth – that “All of them will be in the Hellfire except one.”

When I say, “He is subject to the threat mentioned in the hadeeth,” I mean that he is subject to the Will of Allaah. If Allaah wants, He punishes them; if He wants, He forgives them.

Due to his opposition to what the Messenger (sallallaahu ‘alayhe wa sallam) and his Companions were upon, then he can only be in one of two categories: (1) his contradiction leads him outside of the Religion, thus he is from the disbelievers; or (2) his contradiction does not expel him from the Religion, thus he is from the people of disobedience and innovation, and thus from the 72 groups that are subject to punishment, and Allaah knows best.

So, with this, we have differentiated between the issue of following a Fiqh math-hab and the issue of following the Salafee manhaj. So the Muslim is not required to follow one of the math-habs. But as for following the Salafee manhaj, meaning to understand the Religion in light of what the Messenger (sallallaahu ‘alayhe wa sallam) and his Companions were upon, to follow the way of the Salaf, I say that this is the true Islaam. Whoever goes away from this, he only goes away from the true Islaam. And his departure from true Islaam is either a departure from the Religion in totality, or a deviation from the straight path that makes him from the people of innovation, disobedience, and error, and thus is considered to be from the 72 groups, and Allaah knows best.

Source: This was translated by Moosaa Richardson for Bakkah.net from a recording with the knowledge and permission of the shaykh, file no. AAMB040, dated 1423/8/17. NOTE: His answer has been slightly abridged in places for clarity.

FOOTNOTES

[1] And this is the case with many of the deviant groups of today. They try to make a distinction between Salafiyyah and Ahlus-Sunnah, saying that Salafiyyah is a new sect or math-hab different from Ahlus-Sunnah. In reality, they are one in the same as the shaykh explains. This confusion comes from many different groups, like the Tableeghees, the Naqshabaandees, and other Soofee groups. While they claim that they are Ahlus-Sunnah, they are actually people of innovation far from the Sunnah.

[2] The meaning of Soorah An-Nahl (16):43

[3] From an authentic hadeeth collected by Aboo Daawood, At-Tirmithee, Ibn Maajah, and others. Al-Albaanee discusses its different chains and wordings in Silsilatul-Ahaadeethis-Saheehah (203-204).

11 thoughts on “Following Math-habs and Ascribing to Salafiyyah

    • A Salafee from Ahlul-Hadeeth is commonly from one of the known math-habs, depending on which one he studied and/or which one he chose for himself. However, any upright Muslim must not knowingly continue in taqleed of a position he understands to be in opposition to clear textual evidences. Instead of always assuming his imaam must have known that evidence, and there must have been a reason why he did not use it (guessing), he practices his Religion upon knowledge, and he simply allows the possibility of his imaam being incorrect, and he follows what Allaah blesses him to learn to be correct, whether it is from his math-hab or not.

      Usool al-Fiqh (principles in deriving rulings from evidences) are based on textual evidences. Some of them are strong and agreed upon due to the strength of the evidence behind the principle, while others are questionable and differed over. Just as the scholars of the different math-habs differ in fiqh rulings, they also differ in some of their usool in how they extract those rulings.

    • Adding to this, it is not far-fetched for Imam Abu Hanifa (may Allah have mercy on him) to not have known some well-known hadith that even appear in Bukhari or Muslim (such as the wiping over the socks for wudu, for example) as firstly, there was no Sahih Bukhari or Sahih Muslim in Abu Hanifa’s time as Bukhari and Muslim weren’t even born yet until around half a century after his death (Abu Hanifa died in 150H, while Bukhari and Muslim were born in 194H and 204H respectively). In fact, even the earlier compilations such as the Muwatta of Malik were not compiled yet until a decade after the death of Abu Hanifa, so on top of the lack of telecommunications to easily know about hadith like we have in out time, even the books of hadith weren’t readily available in his time either. This is on top of Abu Hanifa lived in a place with widespread lies and deception such that it was difficult to determine what is authentic and what isn’t (as well as his area being very sparse in terms of knowledge of hadith), thus he simply did not have the ability to gain a strong knowledge of hadith like many his contemporaries (compared to Imam Malik who lived in a very strong hub of hadith, for example) and we don’t have the same excuses they had in following whatever views they held that happened to oppose any hadith they didn’t have the means to know about in the first place. The Four Imams themselves said “if you find a hadith that goes against my views, discard my view and follow the hadith” meaning had they known about those ahadith, then they would’ve surely acted upon it.

  1. Assalāmu’alaikum Ustādh Moosaa. HayākAllāh. My question is:
    This statement “The math-hab of the common Muslim is the math-hab of the one who gives him his fatwaa.” Where did originate, in the sense that which scholar spoke with this speech for the first time? And if that cannot be known, then can we have some more references of classical scholars or even scholars of our age who used the same speech?

  2. Assalaamu’alaykum

    You’ve mentioned Ustaadh,

    “Therefore, this is the manhaj, the straight path by which a person reaches salvation on the Day of Standing, in shaa’ Allaah.”

    instead of Inshaa’ Allaah, should the word used be bi’idhnillaah instead?

  3. Assalamualaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuhu,

    I really respect you and your knowledge shown in the website, and am asking about ahlul-sunnah wal jam’ah. The latter pray 20 ra’kaat of taraweeh as it was made by Umar (ra), but a sheikh I know, —, prays 8 raka’at of taraweeh. Is he doing the wrong? [message edited by admin]

    • Wa ‘alayk as-salaamu wa rahmatullaahi wa barakaatuh. Shaykh al-Islaam Ibn Taymiyyah stated: “Anyone who assumes that the night prayers of Ramadhan have been limited by the Prophet (may Allaah raise his rank and grant him peace) to a set number that must be adhered to without any increase or decrease has surely erred.” As found here: https://www.bakkah.net/en/taymiyyah-night-prayers-ramadhan-11-20-rakahs.htm

      And I do not advise that you take knowledge from the individual that you mentioned. Suffice yourself with the scholars of Islam and their recognized students, in order to remain safe and guided by the Permission of Allaah.

  4. According to a website, Maulid is even recommended to do EVEN BY ###### & #######….

    …I am aware that this is an innovation but it mentions that some of these people had even attended the Maulid yearly!

    Jazakallah Khairan

  5. Assalamu alaikum Shaikh.
    Can you give a link to the audio/video for this source, where Shaikh has said this.
    I spent hours looking for it. Can’t find
    Jazakallah khair

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